Cerebral Hemispheres

🌟 Cues

• Cerebrum
• Longitudinal Fissure
• Grey Matter vs. White Matter
• Sulci and Gyri
• Poles and Surfaces
• Lobes
• Insula
• Medial Surface

🗒️ Notes

• The Cerebrum is the largest part of the forebrain, derived from the telencephalon, and consists of two hemispheres. Each hemisphere contains a lateral ventricle.
• The Longitudinal Fissure separates the two hemispheres and contains the corpus callosum, which connects them.
• Grey Matter consists of nerve cell bodies and is located on the cerebral cortex surface and basal nuclei. White Matter contains nerve axons (fibers).
• The cerebral cortex has Sulci (grooves) and Gyri (ridges), which maximize its surface area.
• Each hemisphere has three Poles: frontal, temporal, and occipital, and three main surfaces: lateral, medial, and inferior.
• The Lateral Surface is divided into lobes by the central, lateral, parieto-occipital, and calcarine sulci.
• The Insula is a hidden cortical area at the bottom of the lateral sulcus, divided into anterior (taste, smell, autonomic) and posterior parts (secondary somatosensory area).
• The Medial Surface of the hemispheres includes important features such as the corpus callosum, cingulate sulcus, and the limbic lobe (involved in emotional processing).

📝 Summary

The cerebral hemispheres, the largest part of the brain, are divided by the longitudinal fissure and connected by the corpus callosum. Grey matter forms the cerebral cortex and basal nuclei, while white matter carries axonal fibers. The surface is marked by sulci and gyri, and divided into functional lobes. The insula, located in the lateral sulcus, plays a role in sensory and autonomic functions. Medially, the hemispheres feature the limbic system and corpus callosum, crucial for connectivity and emotional regulation.